Shabana Mahmood’s changes to the migration system could harm women and children, a Labour MP has warned, as members of her own party continue to raise concerns with the home secretary’s proposals.

Olivia Bailey, the chair of the women and equalities committee, has written to Mahmood warning about the possible damage that could be done by plans to make it harder for migrants to achieve settled status in the UK.

Mahmood has said the changes are designed to deter both economic migrants and asylum seekers from coming to the UK, and to minimise the impact on British taxpayers of those who are already here.

The home secretary softened the proposed rules for care workers and their families on Monday after unions, cabinet members and backbench Labour MPs voiced their concerns.

But many in the Labour party and in the charitable sector are still unhappy with the plans, claiming they are unfair to those who have already arrived in the country, and risk pushing people into destitution.

Writing on behalf of the committee, which is dominated by Labour MPs, Bailey wrote: “The committee is particularly concerned about the implications for children and young people whose parents are now on significantly longer routes to settlement, including on refugee routes. We heard compelling evidence of potentially adverse impacts on children, not least where the parent is on a longer route to settlement.”

She warned against plans to including children in more rigorous testing of migrants’ claims of having been trafficked. And she called on Mahmood to make it easier for victims of domestic abuse to get settled status.

Calling for a full impact assessment of what the changes might mean for equality, she added: “Witnesses at our evidence session raised concerns that the cumulative impact of these changes is likely to have a disproportionate equalities impact, in particular on race, class and sex.”

The Home Office has been contacted for comment.

Earlier on Thursday, the Refugee Council accused the home secretary of causing “distress and uncertainty” to hundreds of thousands of refugees by quietly introducing plans to force them to wait up to 30 years before getting the right to settle.

The Refugee Council said Mahmood’s hardening of plans came despite her personal reassurances last year that only “illegal entrants who are not refugees will face a 30-year wait for settlement”.

In a further tightening of the rules, a cohort of 200,000 successful asylum applicants who were told they could apply for indefinite leave to remain after five years will now face reviews of their status every 30 months.

Related: Why the UK settlement rule changes are unjust | Letters

Refugees who arrive by irregular means, for example, by small boat, will face a 30-year wait for settlement in the UK under the new plans.

Last year’s consultation included a proposal that people who arrived irregularly would face a 10-year penalty for having done so. However, this was not expected to apply to those who had been granted refugee status.

An explanatory memo at the time said: “Adults and accompanied and unaccompanied children granted five years’ leave as a result of an asylum claim or further submissions made by 1 March 2026 will remain eligible to apply for settlement after five years.”

In a social media post last year, Mahmood said: “Illegal entrants who are not refugees will face a 30-year wait for settlement.”

That guarantee has been quietly dropped in the small print of the government’s latest immigration plan which was released on Monday.

Instead a footnote says: “Those refugees, not on safe and legal routes, who claimed asylum before 2 March 2026 will move to core protection.”

Under the Home Office’s core protection scheme, adults and their children receive an initial period of only 30 months of permission to stay, which must then be renewed. If conditions in their home country are considered safe, their refugee status can be revoked.

Jon Featonby, the chief policy analyst at the Refugee Council, said: “Keeping changing positions on what refugees should expect will cause distress and huge uncertainty. Thousands of refugees who thought they were just weeks or months away from being able to access settlement could now have to wait for another 25 years.

“It is impossible to expect people to start new lives while living with a temporary status that expires every 30 months for 30 years. That’s decades of fear and uncertainty for people who have already faced war, conflict and persecution and simply want to be safe here.

“These plans will also cause chaos for the Home Office, which will now have decades of repeated extra applications to process at enormous cost to the public purse.

Responding to the Refugee Council’s analysis, the Home Office said there had been no policy change since last year’s proposals but declined to comment further on Mahmood’s comments on X or the footnote in the Home Office’s recent document.